The McCauley, Gadd and Ford Families: Full Research

• Back to The McCauley, Gadd and Ford Families: Introduction

The McCauley family has been traced back to my great-great-great grandfather Andrew McCauley (born in Ireland about 1801) who married Mary Neely (born in Ireland 1806) in 1825. John Snr. McCauley, my great-great grandfather, born in 1826 in Clogher, County Tyrone, in what is now Northern Ireland, was their elder child.

John Snr.’s brother, George McCauley, married Sarah Ne(i)ely, on 29 April 1867, at St. Macartan's Cathedral, Clogher, and they had two children, George Jnr. (born in 1860) and Annie (born on 19 October 1871). Sarah (now widowed) and George Jnr. were still living in Ireland at the time of the 1901 census, George Jnr. and his wife, Ellen, having had two children, Robert and William George. George Jnr. was the coachman for the Rector of Ballygawley and his two sons worked on Richmount farm.

Contents

• John Snr. McCauley and his Family
• John Jnr. McCauley and his Family
• The Ford and Gadd Families
• George Thomas McCauley and his Family
• Appendix 1: Marriage at Katikati
• Appendix 2: The Late Mr. McCauley
• Appendix 3: Elijah Gadd (Gordon Ogilvie)
• Appendix 4: Elijah Gadd (G.R. MacDonald)
• Appendix 5: Sarah Ann McCauley: Draft Letter to Henry Ford
• Appendix 6: Hazel Emily and George Thomas McCauley Letters 
• Appendix 7: John Glen McCauley's last letter to Hazel Emily McCauley, 1942
• Appendix 8: Hazel Emily McCauley Letter 1967

John Snr. married twice, his first wife being Elizabeth Irwin, whom he married in 1849. Elizabeth was born in 1833 in Clogher and died on 11 November 1872 in Ireland. John Snr. and Elizabeth had 14 children, all born in Northern Ireland, some of whom died in infancy; the second of their children was my great grandfather, John Jnr. McCauley, born in Clogher in 1852. John Snr. married his second wife, Mary Ann Williamson, born in Belfast in 1847, on 28 January 1874 in St. Macartan's Cathedral, Clogher. John Snr. and Mary Ann apparently had one child, Sarah May, born in Northern Ireland on 10 February 1875, the year after their marriage, but there are doubts about her parentage. On her death certificate, Sarah May's mother's maiden name is given as More or Moore, not Williamson, and it is rumoured in her family that she may have been born in Ireland but went as an actress to the U.S.A. One possibility is that Sarah May was "adopted" by John Snr. and Mary Ann, although formal adoption did not exist in those days.

John Jnr. McCauley's wife, my great grandmother, was Eliza Jane Donaldson, born in 1851 in the townland of Derra(y)bard, Tyrone, on the property of Samuel Vesey. The marriage of John Jnr. and Eliza Jane took place at Newtownsaville Church, Tyrone, on 14 November 1873 and at that time they were residing in the Corboe and Lislea townlands respectively. Eliza Jane was already the mother of her first daughter, Jane, born on 7 November 1870; the birth certificate records the father as John, aged 44, and it is interesting to speculate whether this could have been her future father-in-law, John Snr.!

John Snr. and Mary Ann McCauley and their family, including John Jnr. and Eliza Jane McCauley and their two oldest children, sailed for New Zealand from Liverpool on 15 September 1876, arriving in Auckland on 19 December 1876. Their ship was the Jessie Osborne, a full-rigged vessel of 1058 tons, under the captaincy of Captain Falconer. The voyage was not without incident, with Isabella, the one year-old second child of John Jnr. and Eliza Jane, dying from Tabes mesenterica (tuberculosis of the lymph glands inside the abdomen, caused by drinking milk from cows infected with tuberculosis), and Martha, the unmarried daughter of John Snr., who was perhaps as young as thirteen, giving birth to a son George John (Peg-Leg) just over a week out from Auckland. The McCauleys, along with a number of other people from Northern Ireland, mainly Orangemen, had been persuaded to emigrate to New Zealand by a campaign of lectures, newspaper reports and circulars conducted by James Vesey Stewart, of Martray Manor, Ballygawley, County Tyrone, who had negotiated with the New Zealand government for a large area of land to be made available in Katikati, in the Bay of Plenty, North Island. The first party had sailed on the ship Carisbrooke Castle, which arrived in Auckland on 8 September 1875. The McCauleys, from the Stewart estates in Tyrone, were regarded as being part of the second party, most of whom, possibly including one of John Snr.'s other sons, James, sailed from Belfast on the ship Lady Jocelyn, which arrived in Auckland on 17 August 1878.

Land in Katikati was allocated to the new settlers by the drawing of lots, with John Snr. receiving 20 acres, John Jnr. 30 acres and James 69 acres in adjourning properties on the south side of Rea Road past Killen Road. From reports of visits by the Crown Lands Ranger in the following years, it appears that the McCauleys achieved mixed success in their efforts to farm the land they had been allocated. The personal lives of John Snr. and Mary Ann McCauley, his second wife, were also rather fraught. In December 1879, Mary Ann was charged with having committed a breach of the vagrancy act by living with “aboriginal natives” (presumably Maoris). According to the newspaper report of the case, the police prosecutor said he believed “no evil results have taken place by prisoner’s staying with the natives. She was only staying with a woman who had enticed her away to go to Opotiki to do some washing. I have no wish to prosecute the case if her husband will take her back. From enquiries I have made, she is a thoroughly well-conducted woman, and this is her first offence” John Snr. McCauley, having been called as a witness, said:

“I believe the woman is not right in her head. She gave away one of her children to the natives before she came down here. She had not been living with me for a fortnight before she came. There were some outlandish parties in the bush, and I think they were too much for her. I knew she was down here, and I knew where she was for the fortnight before”.

John Snr. agreed to take his wife back and the case was withdrawn. It seems that Mary Ann and John Snr. subsequently separated and Mary Ann died of tuberculosis on 17 June 1885 in Auckland. She was buried two days later in Symonds Street Cemetery.

John Snr. McCauley appears to have had a penchant for accusing his fellow settlers of theft. In 1888, John Hamilton was accused of stealing a one pound note, a half sovereign, a stick of tobacco and a box of matches from John Snr.'s house during the night. After various court appearances, at which Eliza Jane, William and Sarah McCauley gave evidence, John Hamilton was found not guilty. In 1889, Henry Foley was accused of stealing a heifer cow from John Snr. and he too was acquitted.

John Snr. McCauley died at his daughter Eliza's house in Te Puke on 13 June 1900 having suffered a paralytic stroke two years previously. He was buried in the Old Te Puke cemetery, his grave remaining unmarked until 2012 when McCauley family members paid for a headstone to be placed over it.

Two of John Snr.’s sons, William and George, also found themselves in trouble with the law. In the New Zealand Herald of 3 April 1897, there is a report that “George and William McCauley were charged with stealing 48 tea-pots worth about £7”. In the edition of 19 June 1897, there is a further report that "George McCauley, who pleaded guilty to having stolen 48 tea-pots, was brought up for sentence. His Honour said he would treat accused as a first offender (the only other charge against him being one of drunkenness) and admit him for probation". William was sentenced to two years in jail for a second stealing offence and died in Katikati in an accident involving a horse in 1908. He is buried in the same grave in Katikati as his brother and sister-in-law, John Jnr. and Eliza Jane McCauley, together with Sydney John McCauley, the infant grandson of John Jnr. and Eliza Jane.

Various books have been written about the Katikati settlement, including three that I possess, entitled: "My Simple Life in New Zealand" by Adela Stewart, James Vesey’s sister-in-law; "An Ulster Plantation" by Arthur J. Gray; and "Tales of old Katikati" by Elsie G. Lockington.

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John Jnr., a farmer, and Eliza Jane McCauley eventually had ten children, of whom the sixth was my grandfather, George Thomas McCauley who was born in Katikati on 19 September 1884; John Jnr. and Eliza Jane lived in Katikati until their deaths on 28 May 1910 (the same month that King Edward the Seventh died) and 25 March 1915 respectively.

Apart from his farming activities, John Jnr. was involved in other work in the Bay of Plenty area. For example, in 1888, his tender to provide firewood to the Waihi Gold Mining Company at 3s 4p a ton was accepted and he and a colleague also won a tender to maintain a section of the Tauranga to Rotorua road at a price of £17 10s. However, ten years later, in 1898, his tenders for Te Aroha track repairs and for metalling a section of the Athenree to Waihi road were not accepted. Life for John Jnr. and his family did not always proceed smoothly in other respects. Catastrophic house fires occurred frequently in the Katikati settlement, generally caused by candles and chimneys catching alight, and the Bay of Plenty Times reported that houses occupied by John Snr. and/or John Jnr. were destroyed by fire in 1879, 1881 and 1895. In the fire of 1879, a young girl of 8 (possibly Jane McCauley, John Jnr's daughter) heroically led her brothers and sisters and a large sow to safety. The cause of the 1895 fire was suspected to be arson although this was never proven. In this fire, the title deeds to John Jnr.'s land and a document pertaining to a life insurance policy were destroyed and replacements had to be sought.

John Jnr. died as the result of an accident in Athenree Gorge, north of Katikati, when the horse and cart he was driving in the early evening left the road, at a point where a land-slip had occurred, and fell into the Waihi river. Although the accident was seen by another traveller, rescue was not possible in the falling darkness and John Jnr’s body was later recovered from the river. At the subsequent inquest, the coroner added the following rider to his verdict of accidental death:

“It appears to us to be scandalous that some provision was not made to protect the public, by erecting railings in the most dangerous places. If such had been done, we are of the opinion that the accident would never have happened. Too much stress could not be laid upon the negligence of the Tauranga County Council, seeing how long a time had elapsed since the flood last March which caused the damage”.

No photographs of John Jnr. or Eliza Jane McCauley exist. In this connection, a letter written in 1967 by my mother, formerly Hazel Emily McCauley, to her cousin Freda Butcher is interesting. This relates to a story of Gordon Simpson, who " having gone into an auctioneers in New Plymouth, merely to brouse around, spied Eliza Jane McCauley encased in one of those large oaken frames (I can imagine that severe Irish face emphasised by the severely dragged back hair, the hard cold eyes, would positively glower down upon him, she wrote). Gordon saw the portrait that he knew so well, for hasn't it glowered down on me from above and of several other McCauleys too. Very indignantly he swept up to the auctioneer and said "that's my grandmother hanging there-- I want to buy it" and he did". The present whereabouts of this photograph is unknown. Eliza Jane McCauley was reputably a strong and rather formidable woman who, following the birth of one of her younger children, apparently did the washing on the same day as the birth, milked the cow and then prepared dinner for her husband before his return from work to see his new offspring. As a member of the congregation of St. Peter's Anglican church in Katikati, she was one of the thirty-four local inhabitants who contributed (in her case 2s 6p) to the Memorial Window placed at the east end of the church in 1902 in memory of General T. H. Stoddart. Eliza Jane brought with her from Ireland a hand-made gold chain that was subsequently divided into three sections that were given to three of her daughters. In accordance with Eliza Jane's wishes, these have since been passed on to the eldest daughters of their families. Eliza Jane died of heart failure five years after her husband, John Jnr., having apparently never fully recovered from the shock of his tragic death.

Two interesting articles from the Bay of Plenty Times, covering a family marriage and the death of John Jnr. McCauley, are reproduced in Appendices 1 and 2 at the end of this document.

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George Thomas McCauley married my grandmother, Sarah Ann (Pat) Ford, in Kaponga, Taranaki, on 4 August 1908; she was born in 1878 in Opawa, Christchurch, in the South Island of New Zealand. Sarah Ann was the third of the eight children of Henry James Ford, born in St. Giles, London, England, on 1 October 1851, and Emily Ann Ford (formerly Gadd), born in East Street, Bedminster, Bristol, England on 13 August 1853 and christened on 11 September 1853 in St. Paul's, Bedminster.

At the time of the 1861 census, Henry James Ford (aged 9) was living at 14 James Street, adjacent to Covent Garden, London, with his father, James Ford, a General Dealer, his mother Ann and three brothers, Christopher (aged 14), Alexander (aged 6) and Archer (aged 1). Henry James Ford sailed alone to New Zealand at the age of sixteen, according to his daughter Sarah Ann in a ship named London but more likely as a paid, steerage passenger in the Light Brigade that left London on 19 May 1868 and arrived in Lyttleton on 26 August 1868. Henry subsequently lost touch with his family, although it is understood that he may have had as many as eight brothers and a sister, and that several of his brothers may have emigrated to America. It is of interest to note that his daughter, Sarah Ann (Pat), genuinely believed her father was the uncle of Henry Ford, founder of the Ford Motor Company, apparently because of their uncanny facial likeness, and was in the process of composing a letter to Henry just before her death (see transcription in Appendix 5). From the information I have obtained on the background of Henry Ford, the car man, it is clear that this supposition was incorrect.

Henry James Ford and Emily Ann Gadd, my great grandparents, were married in Opawa on 20 August, 1873. Emily Ann’s parents, Elijah Gadd (christened in Dundry, near Bristol, on 8 August 1830), a stonemason, and Sarah Ann Gadd (formerly Cox—born 1830) had been married in Bedminster, Bristol, in 1852. Gad(d) is a name of Jewish origin, Gad being a son of Jacob and his wife's maid, Zilpah, and the founder of one of the twelve tribes of Israel. The Gadd family had lived in Dundry and the surrounding area for many years. Elijah's parents were Jonathan Gadd, also a stonemason, and his wife Hester Gadd (formerly Sage) who both died in Dundry and were buried in St. Michael's churchyard on 7 March 1875 and 27 March 1864 respectively. Sarah Ann Cox was born and brought up in the village of Stanton Drew, several miles from Dundry. Her parents were William Cox, a cordwainer (or shoemaker) and Rachel Cox (formerly Heal) who died at the ages of 91 and 89 on 26 April 1889 and 21 February 1889 respectively. Their gravestone is still standing with a clearly legible inscription in the churchyard of St. Mary the Virgin, Stanton Drew; buried with them is one of their daughters, Anna Maria Cox, who died on 7 October 1913 at the age of 77. Beside it is another well preserved gravestone for William and Rachel's son, Edwin W. Cox, and his wife, Mary Burch Cox, who died on 29 March 1920 and 10 June 1900 respectively. Edwin W. Cox also worked in Stanton Drew and is recorded in Kelly's directory as a cordwainer in the years from 1875 to 1902 and as a market gardener in 1906 and 1910.

Elijah and Sarah Ann Gadd left the UK with their young daughter, Emily Ann, in 1854. The Gadd family sailed for Australia on the ship General Hewitt that departed from Southampton on 25 August 1854 and arrived in Moreton Bay (near Brisbane) on 16 December 1854. On arrival, the ship was held at the bar of the Brisbane River for a week because of bad weather. Sadly, Sarah Ann died towards the end of the voyage, on 2 December 1854, following the birth of her second child, Samuel, who also died the following month, in Brisbane, on 26 January 1855 at the age of 9 weeks. Samuel Gadd is recorded as the first entry for 1855 in the burial register for St. John's Cathedral in Brisbane (although incorrectly named as Elijah Gadd).

Elijah Gadd and his daughter, Emily Ann, subsequently sailed on to New Zealand and back to Australia, perhaps several times, but their exact movements are unclear. What is known is that Elijah joined the Society of Operative Stonemasons in Melbourne on 17 February 1856 and is therefore likely to have participated in the well-organised and executed protest in support of the 8 hour working day held on 21 April 1856. On that day the stonemasons working on the construction of the Old Quadrangle Building, the original site of Melbourne University, all downed their tools and proceeded to march to Parliament House along with other members of the building trade. In New Zealand, Elijah Gadd built the first Christchurch Town Hall, a wooden structure, in 1857. Back in Melbourne again, he remarried in March 1859, his second wife, Sarah Ann Hawgood, having the same Christian names as his first wife.

Elijah and his second wife had at least 5 children, one of whom, Sarah Jane, died in infancy in Melbourne on 23 May 1862 at the age of 14 months of phosphorus poisoning after sucking the heads of lucifer matches given to her by another young child. The family was living in University St. at the time of Sarah Jane's death and Elijah was presumably again working on the Melbourne University buildings. Soon afterwards, he returned with his family to New Zealand, leaving Melbourne for Port Chalmers on 21 June 1862 in the ship SS Gothenburg. It is interesting that Henry Ford is recorded as one of the sponsors (godparents) of two of Elijah’s children, Alfred Samuel and Eliza Hester. Elijah was widowed again when the second Sarah Ann died in Christchurch on 12 January 1871, also at the young age of 31. Her funeral notice read as follows:

"The friends of Mr. Elijah Gadd respectfully are informed that the Funeral of his late wife will leave his residence, Hillsborough, at half-past one to-morrow (Saturday), Jan 14. Rees W. Walters, Undertaker".

Elijah’s two wives and two young children, Samuel and Sarah Jane, are all commemorated or buried in the same plot at Barbadoes Street cemetery in Christchurch, New Zealand where the headstone is still to be seen. It is interesting to note that two of Elijah Gadd's sisters, Sarah and Hester, themselves emigrated from the UK to New Zealand with their husbands and families, arriving respectively in the ships Waikato on 3 October 1875 and the Dunedin on 3 July 1874.

The life of Elijah Gadd in New Zealand is quite well documented. As one of the early settlers in Christchurch, he set up quarrying and brickmaking businesses in the Heathcote Valley/Hillsborough area. Having built the first town hall in Christchurch in 1857, he provided stone for the second, bigger town hall completed in 1864. Elijah was not, however, always successful with his bids for business as two of his letters to the Lyttleton Times indicate. In the edition of 31 October 1863 he writes as follows:

"Sir, Allow me through your columns to ask upon what principle the tenders for public works are decided. Is it to defraud the public of their time and money that tenders are advertised; or is it to squander the money of the citizens to the benefit of some chosen individual? I ask the question because my tender for the 80 grey stones required by the Council for street marks, at 2s 4d per yard, was rejected, whilst the tender of another man at 3s was accepted. Why was my tender refused? For the last five years I have quarried more stone and done more mason's work than all the men in Canterbury. I am personally known to Mr. Holmes, the Railway contractor, and Mr. Brown, contractor for the Union Bank, who can testify the truth of my statement. Your obedient servant, Elijah Gadd, Quarryman and Stone Mason".

In the edition of 12 November 1863 he writes another letter as follows:

"Sir, Permit me through your columns to make a few remarks upon the statement of the Town Clerk as reported in the "Press" of the 4th instant. He said that my tender was only 5s less than the one accepted. Now, sir, my tender for the 80 stones, 8in. by 8in. by 18in., amounted to £11 15s, whilst that of my opponent, which was accepted at 3s per lineal foot, amounted to £18. The chairman remarked that where the lowest tender was not accepted, the public knew there was a good reason for not doing so. I think, sir, if fair play and no favour is the order of the day in the City Council, the "good reason" referred to will be stated in justice to myself and the public. I am, sir, your obedient servant, Elijah Gadd"

In later years, Elijah Gadd became the joint owner and licensee of the Heathcote Hotel. In a book by Paul Corliss on the history of the Heathcote Valley, entitled "In the Shadow of the Rock", it is noted that "Elijah Gadd was running close to the law in the seemingly perpetual game of "catch" with the constabulary and licensing committee. On 4th January 1877 the Star advised that: Elijah Gadd, licensee of the Heathcote Valley Hotel, was charged with having kept his house open and sold liquors to other than bona fide travellers, on the evening of Christmas Day. Constable Connell said he went to the hotel on the occasion referred to, found a light in the bar, and several residents of the Valley in the house. Two of the men who were in the house were called, and admitted being in the house, but denied having any drink there. Accused said no drink was supplied to other than travellers on the day in question, and, though he kept the door of the house open, he did not know it was contrary to the law. The case was dismissed with a caution".

Elijah also built a separate accommodation house for local workers, hoping that he might obtain a licence for it and do good business slaking the thirsts of the nearby brick and quarry workers. As noted in Paul Corliss's book, "He took every opportunity to promote himself, as this excerpt from a public meeting, held on 10th March 1879 attests. The meeting had been called to support the erection of a cart-bridge over the Heathcote River, near the Christchurch Quay. After strenuous debate among the well-attended meeting, Mr Gadd essayed to speak in opposition to the course now proposed, and, on obtaining a hearing, he strongly urged that the Cemetery road site, ever supposing a swing bridge had to be built, would pay handsomely. (A voice: "You want it near your public house, don't you Gadd?"). Elijah did not get his licence as the authorities thought quarrymen might get drunk and fall off the cliff faces, so the place served as a home until the early 1950s, when it was demolished. The Star of 15 June 1880 noted "License Refused. E. Gadd, Hill's road, Hillsborough"

Again showing his versatility and entrepreneurial spirit, Elijah Gadd became a market gardener, winning various prizes for his produce. He is mentioned in Gordon Ogilvie’s 1976 book, "The Port Hills of Christchurch", which also includes relevant photographs. Excerpts on Elijah Gadd from this book and from G. R. Macdonald’s "Dictionary of Canterbury Biographies" are reproduced in Appendices 3 and 4 at the end of this document. From these and the other references to Elijah, it may be surmised that he was a determined, single-minded and somewhat abrasive character, not universally popular with his fellow settlers or the Christchurch establishment.

Elijah Gadd and the four youngest children from his second marriage (Alfred, Sarah, Eliza and Elijah) returned to Australia on the 1797 ton steamer Wakatipu that sailed from Wellington to Sydney, arriving on 31 May 1882. My great grandfather, Henry James Ford, accompanied them, apparently leaving his wife, Emily Ann, and his first five children behind in Christchurch. Elijah's eldest son, Frederick Reuben, was already in Sydney, having married there on 29 April 1882, but he died soon afterwards on 26 July 1882. Notices of the funeral arrangements, including invitations to friends to attend, were posted in the Sydney Morning Herald by both Elijah and Henry. It is not known when Henry returned to New Zealand but it must have been in 1882 or 1883 as he sailed back to Sydney on the Hauroto, arriving on 2 August 1883, before returning yet again to New Zealand before 1888 when his next child was born in Christchurch. It appears that Henry James Ford's eldest son, also Henry James, may have sailed from Wellington to Sydney on the Rotomahana when he was only about 12, arriving on 28 February 1887, before returning to New Zealand on the Tekapo, arriving in Wellington on 7 November 1889 and then disembarking in Lyttleton. The exact purpose of all these trips is unknown. It is of interest to note that the Rotomahana was the first sea-going passenger vessel built of mild steel and, in her day, was the fastest ship in Australasian waters, being dubbed the "Greyhound of the Pacific"

Elijah also returned again to New Zealand before sailing back to Sydney with his son on the Tarawera, arriving on 1 August 1883, a day before Henry James Ford's arrival. Elijah and his son returned to Wellington on the Hauroto, arriving on 3 August 1886. Elijah returned to Sydney for the last time with his youngest son, Elijah James, again on the Hauroto, arriving from Wellington on 27 September 1887. Elijah Gadd died of cancer at Newtown on 26 October 1888 and is buried at Rookwood in Sydney.

Henry James and Emily Ann Ford ( formerly Gadd) continued to live in the Hillsborough/ Opawa area of Christchurch and, in 1892/3, Henry is recorded in the local business directory as a storekeeper in Hill’s Road, Opawa. In 1895 the Ford family moved to Eltham in the North Island of New Zealand where they acquired land by the ballot system and set up a farm and saw-milling business. Having built a wooden cottage (or whare) to house his family, and cleared the land of bush, Henry noted that the clay in the hillside behind the whare was similar to that in Opawa and very suitable for brickmaking. He therefore began construction on a pug mill and other buildings and set up a brickmaking business that quickly thrived, there being no local competition at that time. Also the bricks were of good quality and intentionally made smaller than other bricks brought in from elsewhere so that customers had to return to Henry when their supplies ran out. Both Henry James and his son of the same name are recorded as brickmakers in the 1907 local business directory. Sadly, Emily Ann then took ill and died on 2 November 1907 in a New Plymouth private hospital. With the death of his wife, and his family grown up and moving away, Henry James decided in 1908 to sell the farm and brickworks and retire to Te Kuiti where he died on 2 April 1915. Both he and Emily Ann are buried in the Eltham cemetery. Roma Rebecca Jenkins has written up the story of Henry James Ford and his brickmaking business in her booklet "Bricks! Bricks! Forever Bricks" and I am most grateful to her for most of the above information.

Henry James Ford's daughter, my grandmother Sarah Ann Ford, and her sister, Eva Emily, opened the "Oriental Tea Rooms" in Eltham in 1904 and, two years later, took over a two storey building "Westford House" that they converted to a Boarding House and Dining Rooms. Reportedly staunch members of the Women's Christian Temperance Movement, they offered an alternative to the pub and provided meals and lodgings for the many men who worked in the area, one of whom was Sarah's husband-to-be, George Thomas McCauley.

My grandmother, who was apparently an accomplished seamstress and musician, playing the harp and mouth-organ, was long dead when I was born. I did, however, meet her two sisters, Elizabeth Ann and Eva Emily, on occasions during their latter years. My wife Liz and I also met up with her youngest brother, Frederick Thomas Ford, and his wife Tottie as recently as 1975 when we visited New Zealand soon after the birth of our elder son. Another of Sarah Ann’s brothers, William Alexander Ford, died of wounds at Mametz, on 25 September 1916, during the battle of the Somme in the first world war. He was a private in the First Battalion, Auckland Regiment, and is buried at Dantzig Alley British Cemetery, plot 7, row F, grave 5. Frederick Thomas Ford also fought and was wounded on the Somme.

Elizabeth Ann Ford married twice; her first husband was William Faull, whom she married in 1893 and who died in 1898, and they had two daughters and two sons, William Thomas and Henry James, both of whom were killed in the first world war. Henry James Faull was killed the day after his uncle, William Alexander Ford, on 26 September 1916, aged 22, during the battle of the Somme and is buried in grave I.E.5. at the A. I. F. burial ground in Flers. William Thomas Faull was wounded on the Somme and, after convalescence in England, returned to France where he died on 17 October 1917, aged 24, near Ypres; he has no known grave but is commemorated on panel 3, N.Z. Apse, at the Tyne Cot memorial to the missing. The second husband of Elizabeth Ann Faull (nee Ford) was Edward Burr Foreman, a hairdresser, whom she married in 1902, and with whom she had five children. After Edward Burr Foreman's death in 1918, Elizabeth Ann and her family moved first to Kaponga and then to Dannevirke in the North Island of New Zealand where Elizabeth Ann lived to the ripe old age of 91, dying in 1965.

Eva Emily Ford (1880 - 1963), the other daughter of Henry James and Emily Ann Ford, married Henry Alfred Wood. Their only son and youngest child, Henry William Carmichael (Harry) Wood, born on 19 August 1917, was an Able Seaman in the Merchant Navy during WW2. He was a crew member of the 5759 ton British cargo steamer Empire Ocelot that was torpedoed and sunk without warning by the German U boat U-32 on 28 September 1940 in the Atlantic ocean. Two seamen were killed but the remaining 33 crew members, including Harry,  were saved by the destroyer HMS Havelock after 5 hours in life-boats. Safely back in England, Harry gave a detailed account of this incident in a letter to his parents back in New Zealand, describing the aftermath of the attack, with the U-boat surfacing and circling the life-boats with only its periscope showing and the foredeck and bridge of the Empire Ocelot "standing perpendicular to the water" before the ship "slipped quietly under". Sadly, Harry was subsequently lost at sea on 17 August 1943 while a crew-member aboard MV Empire Stanley, a British cargo vessel of 6942 tons. It was en route from Durban to Aden and Beirut, carrying a cargo of 8890 tons of coal, when it was torpedoed by German submarine U-197 and sunk south of Madagascar; 25 persons were lost from a total crew of 54. Harry Wood is listed on Panel 45 of the Tower Hill Memorial, London, that commemorates men and women of the Merchant Navy and Fishing Fleets who died in both world wars and who have no known grave. It stands on the south side of Trinity Square, London, close to The Tower of London. 

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My mother, Hazel Emily McCauley, was born at Meridith House (a boarding house) in Taumarunui on 28 September, 1910. She was the eldest of the four children of George Thomas and Sarah Ann (Pat) McCauley who had moved to the Otunui district of the King Country, west of Taumarunui, in 1908. Sarah Ann had been successful in a land ballot held in New Plymouth on 12 June 1908, being allocated 530 acres of farmland in Otunui for a lease of 66 years "with a right of renewal for a further term at a government present day valuation" and with an annual rent of £29 4s. (5% of the capital value). To be successful, applicants had "to produce documentary evidence of their ability to work and finance their land and pay so much deposit as a guarantee of good faith". Sarah Ann farmed sheep on her property and, during their time there, my mother and her brother, John Glen, often used to visit a local woolshed while sheep were being dipped. John, at the age of five, was encouraged by the workers to smoke a pipe and in later life, when people asked whether he smoked, he always said "No, I gave it up when I was 9"!! The bush in the area was often cleared by fire and my mother remembered when a bush fire in 1915 raged out of control and nearly reached their house. Luckily, the rain came just in time. On occasions, the family would tramp through the bush to the Otunui Boat Landing to board the boat for the two-day trip to Wanganui, staying overnight en route at Pipiriki House. My mother recalled once wandering off with her brother John Glen after arriving in Wanganui and being lost for the whole day.

In 1914, George Thomas McCauley set up a sawmill on the boundary of Sarah Ann's farm, cutting mainly rimu wood. Local roads were no more than tracks over which George Thomas hauled wood on a large wagon pulled by a huge white horse called Brian, often while George slept on the wagon. In 1919, he moved to a sawmill in Carter's Road, closer to Taumarunui, and Sarah Ann sold her farm and moved with the family to a house and "farmlet" 2 1/2 miles from the town. My mother, Hazel Emily, had attended Otunui School from 1915 to 1916, and again in 1919, before transferring to Taumarunui school. In 1917 and 1918 she lived in New Plymouth, "borrowed" (as she described it) by her aunt, Margaret Isabella Ladner (formerly McCauley) who was "an enthusiast about lessons" and encouraged her to do well at school. My mother often recalled the daily journey she was required to make to school in Taumarunui, aged 9 and 10, accompanied by her brother, John Glen McCauley. They first rode alone on a frisky Shetland pony called Bessie to a river where the pony was tethered for the day until their return. They then rowed themselves across the river and walked the remaining appreciable distance to their school. At the end of the day, this journey was reversed. Bessie apparently had a tendency to stop dead in her tracks, precipitating my mother over her head. At Taumarunui School, my mother's skill at arithmetic was recognised and she was delegated to mark exam papers for both her class and the class above.

The McCauley family subsequently moved to Katikati in 1921 and Hazel Emily was registered at Katikati No. 2 School on 14 February 1921. The relatively early death of her mother, Sarah Ann, in Tauranga Hospital, on 20 August 1925, believed to have been from blood poisoning following an operation for a bowel blockage, was a traumatic event in Hazel's life; she claimed to have had a premonition that her mother had died when no-one else thought she was seriously ill, and was counselled on the need to look after her siblings by her mother just prior to her death. Two letters she wrote to her aunty, Margaret Isabella Ladner (formerly McCauley) and uncle, Harry Ladner, after the death of her mother are transcribed in Appendix 6 at the end of this document

George Thomas McCauley, my grandfather, was a larger than life character who worked as an axeman and sawmiller in the New Zealand bush. He was a well-known sportsman, representing King Country and Bay of Plenty at rugby and appearing at many chopping and sawing championships throughout the North Island for nearly thirty years. He had many successes over the years but perhaps his main achievement was in winning the two-foot world championship chop at the Axemen's Carnival at Eltham on 26/27 December 1911. George stood only 5 feet 9 inches tall and weighed only 14 stone but was regarded as “one of those solidly built fellows who are deceptive until one sees them stripped”. It was said “he was one of the strongest, if not the strongest of the bushmen who chopped in the shade of Mount Egmont”. He was also remembered by his contemporary bushmen for carrying a sack of potatoes some miles into camp over rough country, across the Patea river. To give some idea of the strength required to perform this feat it is only necessary to add that twelve sacks of potatoes weigh a ton. A newspaper article written just prior to the Katikati centenary celebrations claimed that “in his heyday, George McCauley was considered the best all-round athlete in New Zealand” Like his father, George Thomas McCauley died in tragic circumstances. He had set up a saw-mill in Inglewood and lived alone in a wooden hut (or whare) he had built. During the night of 19 October 1938, his hut caught fire and George was burnt to death; the exact circumstances are not clear but it seems most likely he fell asleep while smoking in bed. Following a trip to New Zealand in 2000, I made contact with a man called Trevor Orr who, as a 16 year old lad, lived with his parents over the road from George’s saw-mill, knew him quite well and gave evidence as one of the witnesses at the inquest into George’s death. I exchanged letters and e-mail messages with Trevor and was looking forward to meeting him during my next trip to New Zealand but, sadly, he died in May 2003.

Following their mother’s death, my mother, Hazel Emily, her brother John Glen and young sisters, Olive Rae and Quita Margerett Eva, were ultimately brought up in New Plymouth by their uncle and aunt, Harry and Margaret Isabella Ladner (formerly McCauley), who was John Jnr.’s fifth child. Margaret Isabella, like her mother Eliza Jane, was also a strong but kindly woman whom I well remember, having stayed with her on many occasions. As befits her upbringing in an “Orange” family, she was a devout Anglican, who walked the two miles to church every Sunday without fail, even at the age of 80. She and her husband, Harry Ladner, a carpenter and joiner who built his own house, aimed to be self-sufficient, keeping chickens that were partly fed with waste meat bones crushed in a home-made “bone-crusher”, and growing their own vegetables and fruit, from which they made delicious jams and other preserves. They even had a supply of their own soap, made from fat carefully stored during the grim days of the 1930s depression. They lived frugally, refusing to have a refrigerator, washing machine, car or telephone and cut up old newspapers for use as toilet paper. Personal hygiene was not a high priority as they bathed only weekly! They walked everywhere, never using public transport, and Margaret knitted pullovers and socks for her relatives and stored away most gifts given to her, never to be used, like the carpet sweeper that was considered much too superior for domestic use. My mother once received a pair of stockings from her as a birthday present and was most amused to find a second card inside with the message “To dear Aunt, with love from Rae”!! Margaret and Harry Ladner could, however, be much more generous to others than to themselves; we grandchildren of George Thomas McCauley were regarded with particular favour, especially as we treated them like grandparents, and they were very generous to us with their monetary and other gifts.

Hazel Emily always prided herself on her spelling and arithmetical ability and, on leaving school, joined the accountancy firm of Duff and Wynyard in New Plymouth. A keen member of the Taranaki Alpine Club, she climbed Mt. Egmont nine times. In around 1935, Hazel was appointed to the staff of the Reserve Bank in Wellington. There she met a pharmacist at Boots the Chemists, my father Eric Robert Anderson, whom she married in New Plymouth on 22 January 1938. A letter sent to Hazel Emily by her father, George Thomas McCauley, on 25 November 1937 prior to her marriage is transcribed in Appendix 6 at the end of this document. This is interesting because it is the only known surviving letter written by my grandfather but also rather sad. He was obviously upset at not being asked to give my mother away at her wedding; that was left to Harry Ladner (always referred to as "Unc", hence the reference to "Unc's Pal" at the end of the letter). The request for him to make a speech at the reception seems to have come as something of an afterthought. The letter is written in rather sarcastic terms and also seems to suggest that at that stage of his life George Thomas had something of a drink problem (note the comment about including "something to eat (no I did not say drink)". Possibly my mother and her brother, John Glen, had been having a go at him about this. It could be that on the night he died he had been drinking prior to smoking in bed, causing a fatal fire.

In May 1941, Hazel and her husband moved to Wanganui where Eric succeeded his father as Managing Director of the Wanganui Furniture Manufacturing Company Limited. Hazel was active there in the Mothers Union of All Saints Anglican Church and as secretary of the Wanganui East School parent/teacher association. She also enjoyed tennis and was an accomplished pianist, often improvising with what Eric called a “dirty left”, and a lover of romantic music, poetry and English literature. When Eric was struck down with rheumatoid arthritis in 1965, Hazel nurtured and cared for him until his death on 5 September 1967. In January 1969, Hazel had a happy second marriage to Keith Armstrong Atkinson (1907- 1988), whom she had first met many years previously, possibly on a cruise to Milford Sound.

Hazel Emily took a great pride and interest in her Irish and, more specifically, McCauley background. As befits her Irish ancestry, she was extremely superstitious and paid regular visits to a local fortune-teller who accurately predicted how her children would meet their future marriage partners. She was a diligent correspondent and prolific letter-writer all her life and kept in close touch with many of her McCauley relatives. An excerpt from a letter she wrote to me on 22 November 1967, soon after the death of Eric, about a recent trip she had made to the Waikato and Bay of Plenty, is transcribed in Appendix 8 of this document. Eight years later, in 1975, Hazel Emily again visited Katikati to attend the centenary celebrations. She died, aged 79, on 29 January 1990 in Auckland of cancer.

My uncle and godfather, John Glen McCauley, left school at the age of about 15 to become a journalist at the Taranaki Daily News in New Plymouth for about seven years. He was a proficient player of the cornet and other wind instruments and I have a silver medal he was awarded in 1931 for his playing of the flugal horn at a competition in Hawera. John then spent about three years in Wellington managing the office of a well-known commercial advertising firm before travelling to London, England in 1937 where he worked in a furniture store and newspaper advertising. He married Joan Dorothy Harvey, another New Zealander, in London on 16 July 1938. John and his wife, accompanied by a friend from New Zealand, Trevor Bellringer, toured the continent, including Germany, in July- August 1939, immediately prior to the second world war. An interesting account by Joan of what they found there, entitled "Germany in August", was published on page 6 of the Taranaki Daily News on 13 September 1939. Following the outbreak of war, John Glen joined the Royal Air Force but was unsuccessful in his efforts to become a pilot. However, on 18 March 1942 he was granted a commission for the emergency as an Acting Pilot Officer in the Administrative and Special Duties Branch of the Volunteer Reserve and was subsequently promoted to Pilot Officer and Flying Officer.

On 19 December 1942, John Glen McCauley was a passenger in a Hanley Page Harrow (probably a version modified for transport purposes called, unofficially, a Sparrow) flying from its base in Portreath, Cornwall, to Gibraltar. The plane never arrived at its destination and was either shot down or suffered a mechanical failure or some other mishap. However, a post-war scrutiny of German records revealed no claim of a “kill” at the time and place in question and a recent letter from the Air Historical Branch of the RAF confirmed there was no evidence that the plane had been shot down.  In a letter to my mother three months after John went missing, Joan McCauley said that she had been told by the mother of a crew member that a message had been received from the plane indicating it was turning back. She had also been told that an extra fuel tank had been fitted to increase its range and that subsequent testing over the Bay of Biscay of a similarly modified plane had indicated that fuel supply problems could occur during a tank changeover. The "Aircraft Crashes Record Office" records its loss as follows: "On its way from Portreath to Gibraltar, while overflying the Biscay Bay, aircraft went out of control and crashed into the sea off the Spanish coast. All eleven occupants were killed." The bodies of four of the eleven passengers and crew aboard John Glen McCauley’s plane were washed ashore in France, and buried there, but the body of John was one of those never found. Three successive generations of McCauley men, John Jnr., George Thomas and now John Glen, had therefore died in tragic circumstances. John Glen McCauley's last letter to my mother, written on 5 December 1942, two weeks before he died, is transcribed in Appendix 7 of this document.  Transcriptions of this and other letters he and Joan wrote to my mother before and during the second world war have been compiled by Debbie McCauley for inclusion in the following website: http://tauranga.kete.net.nz/katikati_history/topics/show/1020-mccauley-letters-to-new-zealand-from-wartime-britain

I have a silver medal, the New Zealand Memorial Cross, sanctioned by George VI in 1947 and awarded by the New Zealand government to commemorate the country’s servicemen killed in the second world war; the medal is inscribed with John McCauley's name and was either given directly to my mother (as John's eldest sister) or passed to her by John’s widow, Joan Dorothy, who remarried before the end of the war. Her new husband was Bob Wallis, who served in the Merchant Navy and eventually became the Harbour Master in Auckland. Joan returned to New Zealand, accompanied by her one-year-old son Phillip Harvey Wallis, on the Rimutaka that left the UK on 10 July 1946. In a letter to my mother in 1948, the headmaster of the school she and John had attended in Katikati reported that Joan’s father had been redecorating the house in Katikati presumably inherited by Joan following John’s death and had said to him that, although she had remarried, she still had very deep feelings for her first husband.

My aunt Quita Margerett Eva McCauley married Trevor Crone and had nine children, including twin boys dying the day after their premature birth and another son dying at 11 months. Quita died in 1967, of cancer, at the early age of 44. Her elder sister, Olive Rae, my godmother, married Noel Wright and had three children, of whom the youngest, Patricia Wright, is a well-known New Zealand opera singer. Olive Rae died in 2000.

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Katikati has always been known as a settlement where the pleasures of matrimony are rightly understood, and to the fullest enjoyed. On Monday, 28th October, one of the happiest and most successful weddings that has ever taken place here came off with great éclat. The bridegroom was Mr. William Macgregor Simpson and the bride Miss Jane McCaw(u)ley, eldest daughter of Mr. John McCauley, jr. The ceremony, which was performed by the Rev. W. Katterns, was solemnised in the parlour of Fairview Cottage, the residence of the bride’s parents. The bride, who was given away by her father, was robed in a becoming dress of cream figured silk with lace and ribbon to match; ornaments—a gold brooch, the gift of the bridegroom, and a pearl necklace. Miss Rea acted as bridesmaid, and wore a most effective costume of cream sateen with ruby ribbons. Mr. A W. Fisher attended the bridegroom as best man. Instead of the usual exhortation at the end of the marriage service Mr. Katterns addressed a few stirring words of loving advice to the newly married couple. After the ceremony Mr. and Mrs. McCauley entertained a numerous party of friends to a most sumptuous repast, the tables literally groaning with good things, and the wines being nectar fit for the gods. The wedding cake, a noble specimen of confectionery, reflected great credit on Mr. Maxwell of Tauranga. The health of the happy pair was eloquently proposed by Mr. Katterns, and briefly responded to by the bridegroom. The health of the parents, Rev. W. Katterns, and the bridesmaid were duly proposed and received with musical honours. The presents, which were numerous and handsome, were tastefully exhibited in the parlour, amongst which we noticed---Mrs. McCauley, china tea service; Mrs. Stewart Rea, a large meat dish, (may she always have plenty on it); Mr. and Mrs. McClung, half a dozen very superior knives and forks; Mrs. Middlebrook, Dunmore china fruit dishes; Mrs. Mulgrew, sen., breakfast cruet; Mr. and Mrs. Jinkinson, butter cooler; Miss Rea, pretty slipper vases; Mr. George Hyde, cut glass sugar bowl and china cheese dish; Mr. A. W. Fisher, white fan with love birds painted on it; Rev. W. Katterns, bottle of choice wine and handsome bouquet of flowers. Fairview Cottage was appropriately decorated with ferns and flowers, speaking volumes for the taste of the bride, who personally superintended the decorations. Mr. and Mrs. Simpson left in a carriage and pair at 6.30 for their home at Greenton amidst a shower of rice and slippers. Those who had the privilege of being present on this auspicious occasion will ever remember with pleasure the true Colonial hospitality shown by Mr. and Mrs. McCauley, who, whilst they have lost a daughter, have gained a son who won the regard of those who saw him pass through the most joyful ordeal of his life. The bride’s travelling dress was of navy blue cashmere, with cardinal trimming of the same material.

AGITATOR.
Katikati, October 28th, 1889

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It is needless to state that the tragic death of John McCaula(e)y, resulting from the flood damages on the Waihi main road, has caused a feeling a feeling of depression and gloom in the settlement. He was at the Road Board opening ceremony on Friday night, and I came across him on Saturday morning at about 4.30 a.m., when he told me he would be starting for Waihi on his usual weekly visit. I had a warm grip of his honest hand, but little did I think that within a few hours he would be called away to his long home.

The funeral took place on Wednesday and was one of the largest it has been my lot to witness at Katikati. I counted over 35 vehicles at one turn of the road. Rev. Katterns performed the funeral rites of the Church of England. Many wreaths were laid over the grave and among them one composed of white shells laced upon a wood formation, sent by Mr. and Mrs. Stern, of Martray, which amongst the floral wreaths was unique in appearance, but will remain as a long-standing memento of regard and esteem.

Tragic accidents of this kind do not often occur at Katikati, but John’s brother William was killed a few years ago by a young horse bolting. He was thrown out of the dray, the wheel passing over his neck causing instantaneous death. I am informed that poor John McCauley was driving the same horse when he met with the accident.

Rev. Turnbull and Mr. Charles Dunne proceeded on Sunday morning to break the news to his widow, who was frantic with grief. She did not expect his return as he had promised her to stop at Waihi with his son and daughter, who are both comfortably settled there.

The deceased was a strictly sober man. On his return from Waihi he was following Mr. Hopkin (who was driving a wagonette and pair of horses), holding the lamp in one hand, the reins in the other, which is presumed to have been the cause of the sad accident.

Though not a member of the No. 1 settlement he followed it to Katikati, accompanied by his wife, his father, step-mother, and a large family of brothers and sisters, hailing from Clogher, County Tyrone. He joined the No. 2 party, and though he did not secure a good section of land, yet by his performance, industry and frugality, aided in every way by an ideal farmer’s wife, he prospered at Katikati, having grassed all his land and erected an up-to-date residence and offices, and shortly before his death purchased a valuable property in the neighbourhood of the Hereuhikahia river, upon which he intended to erect a new homestead.

He leaves a widow, five sons and four daughters, all of whom, with the exception of two unmarried girls residing at home, are well provided for in homes of their own.

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Chapter Thirteen, Hillsborough, ps.110 and 111

Bricks were very good business in early Christchurch, where there was a chronic shortage of building materials. The earliest Hillsborough brickworks was established by Elijah Gadd, who was working a quarry in Heathcote Valley in the 1850s. It was he who built Christchurch’s first (wooden) town hall in 1857 and supplied stone for the walls of the second town hall completed in 1864. At Hillsborough he had a large orchard and garden and was winning prizes for his garden produce in the late 1860s. Some of his pear, crabapple, quince, plum and walnut trees still survive on the hillside and must be close to a century old. The bricks which he was making until 1880 may still be found on properties round about.

His works were acquired and greatly expanded by the Wigram brothers, whose Hillsborough brick business was acquired by Thomas Horsley in 1905 and named the Christchurch Brick Company.

When William Tasman Scott took on the Horsley land (in 1920) there were still kilns and chimneys standing with the remnants of Gadd's horse-operated pug mill, an eight metre bricklined well, and several sheds. The Scotts lived in a cottage built by Gadd on the spur midway between Avoca and Rocky Point and occupied for a while by William Wilkes

The Hillsborough shopping center on the corner of Port Hills Road and Curries Road (originally Gadds Road) occupies the site of a gaunt stone and brick building erected by Elijah Gadd in early times with the hope that he might obtain a licence for it and do good business slaking the thirsts of the nearby brick and quarry workers. He did not get his licence as the authorities thought workmen might get drunk and fall off the cliff faces, and the place served as a home until the early 1950s, when it was demolished.

Chapter Ten, Heathcote Valley, p.92

An accommodation house was built for workmen constructing the reservoir (completed in 1877) and this building became the new Heathcote Hotel with Elijah Gadd and Joseph Marsden joint owners. In 1938, when Mrs. Jane Round was proprietor, its name was changed to the Valley Inn. It continues to flourish, much modified, as the Valley Inn Tavern

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Gadd, Elijah had a quarry at the foot of the Hills in the Heathcote Valley, June ’63. He was prepared to supply materials, stone, foundations, etc. at 30/- a yard. At a meeting of the County Freehold Land Society he recommended the Soc to wait until they had accumulated enough money to buy 800 ac. which was a good area in which to start a township. Wm Wilson had just recommended 400 ac. He stood for the Heathcote Rd. Bd. in Jan ’67 but failed to get in; and he failed again to get in Jan ’71.

He won prizes for vegetables at the Horticulture Show of Dec. ’68 and again next year. He was elected to the Hillsborough Sch. Comm. Oct. ’73. He was one of the tenderers for the Ashley-Amberley railway contract, E.G. Wright got the contract; he was very hard to beat in this sort of work.

Gadd built the first Ch. Ch. Town Hall-of wood- in 1857. The Supreme Court used to sit there. E. G. Wakefield’s portrait hung there for years before it was moved to the Museum.

Gadd had a large garden near Neighbour’s brickyards at Heathcote. It was a very dry summer and a fire started at the kiln and got into his garden. He said in evidence that he lost over 2000 trees.

Marr. (1) Sarah Ann, d. 2.12.54, in Barbadoes St cem. His 2nd. Wife Sarah Ann d. 12.1.71 ag. 31
Dau. Emily Ann marr. 20.8.73 at Opawa Henry James Ford of Hillsborough.
L.T. (Lyttleton Times) 17.6.63: 26.1.64: 30.5.66: 3.1.67: 17.12 68: 7.1.71: 14.10.73: 28.12.72: 23.8.73: ChCh C.C. Bur. Rec.

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